Clinical Biochemistry for Medical Students (1996) M.F. Laker - Chapter 1: Carbohydrate Metabolism

Call No: QY 90 L192 1996

Good Topics in this book:

Chapter 1: Carbohydrate Metabolism

- Blood glucose homeostasis (pages 1-4)
- Fig 1.1: Origins of blood glucose & maintenance of blood glucose by glycogen breakdown & synthesis from lactate, alanine and glycerol (gluconeogenesis) (pages 2-3)

- Hormonal regulation of blood glucose (pages 3-4)
- - Insulin; Principle actions of insulin (page 4, Fig 1.2)
- - Glucagon
- - Growth Hormone
- - Adrenaline
- - Cortisol


- Interrelation of glucose, nonesterified fatty acid and ketone body metabolism (pages 4-5)
- Fig 1.3: Control of ketogenesis (page 5)

Various types of diabetes: (pages 6-7)
- Diabetes mellitus (pages 6-14)
- - Table 1.1: Clinical classification of diabetes mellitus (page 6) 
- - Table 1.2: Typical features of IDDM and NIDDM
- Insulin-Dependent (Type I) Diabetes / IDDM (page 6)
- Non-Insulin-Dependent (Type 2) Diabetes / NIDDM (page 6)
- Malnutrition-Related Diabetes Mellitus (page 7)
- Secondary Diabetes (page 7)
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (page 7)

- Impaired Glucose Tolerance / IGT (page 7)
- Diagnosis of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (page 8)
- Table 1.3: Indications, protocol and factors influencing the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (page 8)
- Table 1.4: Diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (page 8)

- Glucose Estimation (page 9)
- Blood Glucose Analysis; Blood Glucose Monitoring (page 9)

- Urine Testing, Urine Analysis (page 9)

- Management of Diabetes (page 9)
- Glycated Proteins (page 10)

- Metabolic Complications - diabetic ketoacidosis & hypoglycemia (page 10)
- Table 1.5: Causes of impaired consciousness in diabetic patients (page 10)

- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (page 10)
- Fig 1.4: Major changes in fuel metabolism in diabetic ketoacidosis (page 11)
- Fig 1.5: Major changes in water and electrolyte metabolism in diabetes mellitus (page 12)
- Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (page 13)
- Lactic Acidosis (page 13)

- Long-term Complications of Diabetes (page 13)
- - Table 1.6: Long-term complications in diabetes mellitus (page 14)
- Proteinuria in Diabetes (page 14)
- Hypoglycemia (pages 14-18)
- - Table 1.7: Causes of hypoglycemia (page15)

- Investigation of Hypoglycemia in Adults (page 17)
- Hypoglycemia in Infancy & Childhood (page 17)

- Inherited Metabolic Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism (page 18)
- - Glycogen Storage Disease (Glycogenoses) (pages 18-19)
- - - Fig 1.6: Glycogen metabolism (page 18)
- - - Table 1.8: Features of glycogen storage diseases (page 19)
- - Galactosemia (page 19)
- - - Fig 1.7: Pathway for the conversion of galactose to glucose (page 20)
- - Disorders of Fructose Metabolism (page 20)
- - - Hereditary Fructose Intolerance (page 20)
- - - Essential Fructosuria (page 20)

Cases

Case 1.1: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Case 1.2: IDDM
Case 1.3: Recurrent hypoglycemic episodes (C-peptide 0 pmol/L)

PowerPoints

Metabolism of Carbohydrates

http://slideplayer.com/search/metabolism+of+carbohydrates/

http://slideplayer.com/slide/3863013/#

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http://slideplayer.com/slide/3387511/

http://slideplayer.com/slide/3768633/