There are four basic Echocardiographic patterns of diastolic heart failure, graded I to IV.
Grade I diastolic dysfunction is the mildest form and is called an abnormal relaxation pattern. On the mitral inflow Doppler echocardiogram, there is reversal of the normal E/A ratio. This pattern may develop normally with age in some patients and many grade I patients will not have any clinical signs or symptoms of heart failure.
Grade II diastolic dysfunction is called pseudonormal filling dynamics. This is considered moderate diastolic dysfunction and is associated with elevated left atrial filling pressures. These patients more commonly have symptoms of heart failure and many have left atrial enlargement due to the elevated pressures in the left heart.
Grade III and IV diastolic dysfunction are called restrictive filling dynamics. These are both severe forms of diastolic dysfunction and patients tend to have advanced heart failure symptoms.
Class III diastolic dysfunction patients will demonstrate reversal of their diastolic abnormalities on echocardiogram when they perform the Valsalva maneuver and are called reversible restrictive diastolic dysfunction.
Class IV diastolic dysfunction patients will not demonstrate reversibility of their echocardiogram abnormalities and are therefore called fixed restrictive diastolic dysfunction. The presence of either class III and IV diastolic dysfunction is associated with a significantly worse prognosis. These patients will have left atrial enlargement and many will have a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction indicating a combination of systolic and diastolic dysfunction. - Wikipedia
Grade I diastolic dysfunction is the mildest form and is called an abnormal relaxation pattern. On the mitral inflow Doppler echocardiogram, there is reversal of the normal E/A ratio. This pattern may develop normally with age in some patients and many grade I patients will not have any clinical signs or symptoms of heart failure.
Grade II diastolic dysfunction is called pseudonormal filling dynamics. This is considered moderate diastolic dysfunction and is associated with elevated left atrial filling pressures. These patients more commonly have symptoms of heart failure and many have left atrial enlargement due to the elevated pressures in the left heart.
Grade III and IV diastolic dysfunction are called restrictive filling dynamics. These are both severe forms of diastolic dysfunction and patients tend to have advanced heart failure symptoms.
Class III diastolic dysfunction patients will demonstrate reversal of their diastolic abnormalities on echocardiogram when they perform the Valsalva maneuver and are called reversible restrictive diastolic dysfunction.
Class IV diastolic dysfunction patients will not demonstrate reversibility of their echocardiogram abnormalities and are therefore called fixed restrictive diastolic dysfunction. The presence of either class III and IV diastolic dysfunction is associated with a significantly worse prognosis. These patients will have left atrial enlargement and many will have a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction indicating a combination of systolic and diastolic dysfunction. - Wikipedia
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| http://www.mhprofessional.com/downloads/academic/0071746269/Ch016_001-005.pdf |
External links
http://fighttexastickets.com/picsntqh/diastolic-dysfunction-echocardiography
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/504948_6
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/100781766/Diastolic-Dysfunction-EchoCardiography-is-the-key
http://korhelypub.hu/admin/diastolic-dysfunction
http://trialx.com/curebyte/2011/07/07/heart-failure-diastolic-photos-and-a-listing-of-clinical-trials/
http://epdatabank.cardiostim.com/search_slide/results/taxonomy%3A23?page=2
http://www.news-medical.net/health/Diastolic-Dysfunction-Diagnosis.aspx
http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Heart-Disease/What-is-diastolic-dysfunction-grade-2/show/1670285
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prognosis-of-diastolic-heart-failure
http://www.mhprofessional.com/downloads/academic/0071746269/Ch016_001-005.pdf
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