Wednesday 5 October 2011

Hyperchloremic acidosis

Introduction  

Hyperchloremic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap, a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration, and in an increase in plasma chloride concentration (see anion gap for a fuller explanation).

Causes
  • Renal tubular acidosis failure of HCO3- resorption (i.e., proximal renal tubular acidosis) or failure of H+ secretion (i.e., in distal renal tubular acidosis)
  • Renal failure
  • Gastrointestinal loss of HCO3- with diarrhoea (vomiting will tend to cause hypochloraemic alkalosis).
  • Ingestions
    • Ammonium chloride, Hydrochloric acid
    • Hyperalimentation fluids (i.e., total parenteral nutrition, TPN)
  • Alcohol (such as ethanol) can affect anion gap by inducing alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme.

Source:
Hyperchloremic acidosis in Wikipedia

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