Hyperchloremic acidosis

Introduction  

Hyperchloremic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap, a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration, and in an increase in plasma chloride concentration (see anion gap for a fuller explanation).

Causes

• Renal tubular acidosis failure of HCO₃^- resorption (i.e., proximal renal tubular acidosis) or failure of H⁺ secretion (i.e., in distal renal tubular acidosis)
• Renal failure
• Gastrointestinal loss of HCO₃^- with diarrhoea (vomiting will tend to cause hypochloraemic alkalosis).
• Ingestions
  • Ammonium chloride, Hydrochloric acid
  • Hyperalimentation fluids (i.e., total parenteral nutrition, TPN)

• Alcohol (such as ethanol) can affect anion gap by inducing alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme.

Source:
Hyperchloremic acidosis in Wikipedia