Snake venoms

In the SGD on ENZYMOLOGY, BIOENERGETICS & BIOMOLECULES on 8 & 9 October 2012, I covered Snake Venoms for my groups, Groups 2A & 2B. Students in the other groups may not be aware of what I had covered. So I will share about Snake Venoms here. You can read up on Snake Venoms on your own.

In 1834, Charles Lucien Bonaparte, (nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte) discovered that snake venoms were proteinaceous. Snake venoms are important to Biochemistry and come under Enzymology. Snake venoms contain a host of 20 chemicals, including proteins and peptides, most are enzymes. Some of the most dangerous and powerful enzymes are in snake venoms. There are many types of enzymes in snake venoms, mainly hydrolytic and digestive enzymes, which damage the vascular endothelium.

There are four distinct types of venom that act on the body differently:

1. Proteolytic venom dismantles the molecular structure of the area surrounding and including the bite. 
2. Hemotoxic venoms act on the heart and cardiovascular system. 
3. Neurotoxic venom acts on the nervous system and brain. 
4. Cytotoxic venom has a localized action at the site of the bite.

Enzyme activities in snake venoms can be inhibited if acted upon immediately after a snakebite. Snake venom contains active enzymes. Enzyme activity is controlled by pH. Changing the pH of the medium will stop enzyme activity. Immediately applying alkaline solution (lye water, ash water, bicarbonate, etc) will halt enzyme activity in snake venoms/at the bite site.

Snake Venom
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_venom

Charles Lucien Bonaparte and Mourning Dove

http://tailsofbirding.blogspot.com/2011_08_01_archive.html

Do'a Ruqyah: Pengubatan gigitan dan sengatan binatang berbisa

1. Bacakan Surah al-Faatihah. Kemudian tiupkan ke tempat yang tersengat. Gosokkan bersama air liur orang yang membacanya.
2. Gosokkan dengan air dan garam sambil dibacakan Surah al-Kaafirun, Surah al-Falaq, dan Surah an-Nas.